Background
On August 6, 1945 an atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima by the United States began to demoralize the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. A day later the Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence BPUPKI, or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai, renamed PPKI (Committee for Indonesian Independence) or also called Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai Uranium Project in Japanese, to further confirm the desire and goal of achieving the independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, the second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing Japan surrendered to the United States and its allies. This moment was used by Indonesia to declare its independence.
Sukarno, Hatta, as leader PPKI and Radjiman Wedyodiningrat as former chairman BPUPKI flown to Dalat, 250 km northeast side of Saigon, Vietnam to meet with Marshal Terauchi. They reported that Japanese troops were on the verge of defeat and will give independence to Indonesia. Meanwhile in Indonesia, on August 10, 1945, Sutan Sjahrir had heard over the radio that the Japanese had surrendered to the Allies. The underground fighters preparing to proclaim the independence of Indonesia, and reject the form of independence given as a gift Japan. On August 12, 1945, Japan by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, told Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman that the Japanese government will soon give independence to Indonesia and the proclamation of independence can be implemented within a few days, depending on how the PPKI. Nevertheless the Japanese wanted Indonesian independence on 24 August. Two days later, when Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman back to the homeland of Dalat, Sutan Sjahrir urged immediate Sukarno declared independence because it considers the results of the meeting in Dalat as a ruse Japan, because Japan every moment has to be surrendered to the Allies and to avoid divisions within nationalist camp, between the anti and pro-Japanese. Syahrir Hatta told about the results of the meeting in Dalat. Sukarno did not believe that Japan had surrendered, and the proclamation of independence of Indonesia when it can cause great bloodshed, and can be fatal if the fighters Indonesia is not yet ready. Soekarno Hatta warned that Syahrir not entitled to declare independence because it is the right of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). Meanwhile Syahrir agency considers PPKI is made in Japan and the proclamation of independence by PPKI just a 'gift' from Japan.
On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies. Army and Navy of Japan was still in power in Indonesia because Japan has promised to restore power in Indonesia into the hands of the Allies. Sutan Sjahrir, Wikana, Dervish, and Chairul Saleh heard through BBC radio. After hearing rumors of Japan will knees, young group urged the elderly to immediately proclaim the independence of Indonesia. However, the elderly do not want to rush. They do not want the bloodshed at the time of the proclamation. Consultation was carried out in the form of PPKI meeting. Young Group does not approve of the meeting, considering PPKI is a body established by the Japanese. They want independence for the efforts of our own nation, instead of giving Japan. Sukarno and Hatta went to military rulers of Japan (Gunsei) to obtain confirmation in his office at Koningsplein (Merdeka). But the office was empty. Sukarno and Hatta along Soebardjo then Bukanfu office, Rear Admiral Maeda, at Jalan Merdeka Utara (Maeda House on Jl Imam Bonjol 1). Maeda welcome them to congratulate them in Dalat. While he has not received a confirmation reply and is still waiting for instructions from Tokyo. Returning from Maeda, Sukarno and Hatta immediately prepare meetings of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) on August 16 at 10 am the next day at the office Pejambon Road No. 2 to discuss everything related to the preparation of the Declaration of Independence. A day later, the pressure fluctuation which requires takeover by Indonesia became launched the youth of some golongan.Rapat PPKI on August 16 at 10 am was not implemented because of Sukarno and Hatta did not appear. The meeting participants do not know Rengasdengklok event has occurred.
Events Rengasdengklok
The young fighters, including Chairul Saleh, Sukarni, and Wikana - which is said burning surge heroism after discussing with the title Datuk Ibrahim Tan Malaka, who are members of the underground movement to lose patience, and on the morning of August 16, 1945. Together Shodancho Singgih , a member of PETA, and other youth, they bring Sukarno (along Fatmawati and Guntur new 9-month-old) and Hatta, to Rengasdengklok, which became known as Rengasdengklok events. The aim is that Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta is not affected by the Japanese. Here, they reassure Sukarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters are ready to fight the Japanese, whatever the risk. In Jakarta, the young group, Wikana, and the elderly, namely Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo negotiations. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. So diutuslah Joseph Kunto to usher Ahmad Soebardjo to Rengasdengklok. They picked Ir. Sukarno and Drs.Moh. Hatta back to Jakarta. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo managed to convince the young people not to rush to proclaim independence. After arriving in Jakarta, they return to their homes. Given that the Hotel Des Indes (now shopping complex in Harmony) can not be used for meetings after 10 pm, then Rear Admiral Maeda bid to use his house (now a museum building proclamation formulation) as a meeting place PPKI accepted by the leaders of Indonesia.
Soekarno meeting / Hatta with Major General Rear Admiral Nishimura and Maeda
The next night, Sukarno and Hatta back to Jakarta. Major General Moichiro Yamamoto, Chief of Army Staff XVI (Army) who became head of the military government (Gunseikan) in the Dutch East Indies did not want to accept the Sukarno-Hatta delivered by Tadashi Maeda and ordered Major General Otoshi Nishimura, Chief of the General Affairs Department administration militerJepang, to accept the arrival of the group. Nishimura argues that since the afternoon of August 16, 1945 has received an order from Tokyo that Japan should maintain the status quo, can not give permission to prepare the proclamation of Indonesian independence, as has been promised by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam. Sukarno and Hatta regret that decision and insinuated Nishimura whether the attitude of an officer who was excited Bushido, broken promises in order to be pitied by the Allies. Finally Sukarno-Hatta requested that do not impede the work PPKI Nishimura, perhaps by pretending not to know. Seeing a hot debate that Maeda quietly leave the room being warned by Nishimura that Maeda obey Tokyo and he knows as a Navy liaison officer (Kaigun) in the Army (Rikugun) he does not have the authority to decide.
Once out of the house Nishimura, Sukarno-Hatta Airport to the house of Admiral Maeda (now Jalan Imam Bonjol 1) accompanied by Myoshiguna hold a meeting to prepare the text of the Proclamation. After greeting Sukarno-Hatta left arguing with Nishimura, Maeda resigned to her bedroom. Preparation of the text of the Proclamation made by Sukarno, M. Hatta, Achmad Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarni, BM Diah, Sudiro (Grandma) and Sayuti Melik. Myoshiyang half drunk sitting back in a chair listening to the preparation of the text, but then there is a sentence of Shigetada Nishijima as if he took interfere preparation of the text of the proclamation and suggested that the transfer of power that only means of administrative power. About this Bung Karno confirms that the transfer of power means. Bung Hatta, Subardjo, B. M Diah, Sukarni, Sudiro and Sajuti Malik nothing that justifies the claim Nishijima but in some circles claim Nishijima still sounded. Once the draft is completed agreed, Sajuti copying and typing the manuscript using a typewriter that was taken from the German Navy representative office, belongs Major (Sea) Dr. Hermann Kandeler. At first reading of the proclamation will be in Ikada Stadium, but since security reasons moved kekediaman Sukarno, Pegangsaan East 56th (sekarangJl. Proclamation no. 1).
Seconds Manuscript Reading Proclamation
Negotiations between the youngsters and the elderly in the preparation of the text of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence took place at 2:00 a.m.-4:00 am. The text of the proclamation was written when dining at Tadashi Maeda admiral jln Imam Bonjol No. 1. The authors of the text of the proclamation was Ir. Sukarno, Drs. Moh. Hatta, and Mr. Ahmad Soebarjo. The concept proclamation written by Ir. Sukarno himself. In the front room, present BM Diah Suyuti Melik, Sukarni and Soediro. Sukarni proposed that the text of the proclamation was signed Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation. Indonesian Proclamation text was typed by Sayuti Melik. The next morning, August 17, 1945, at the residence of Sukarno, Pegangsaan East 56th Soewirjo was attended, among others, Wilopo, Gafar Pringgodigdo, Tabarani and Trimurti.
The event starts at 10:00 with a reading of the proclamation by Sukarno and spliced short speech without notes. Then the flag, which has been sewn by bu Fatmawati, raised, followed by a speech by Soewirjo, deputy mayor of Jakarta at the time and Moewardi, leaders of Barisan Pioneers. At first Trimurti asked to raise the flag, but he refused on the grounds pengerekan flag should be performed by a soldier. Therefore instituted Hendraningrat Latif, a soldier PETA, assisted by Soehoed for the task. A young woman emerged from behind carrying a tray flag (Sang Saka Merah Putih), which is sewn by Fatmawati a few days earlier. After the flag waving, the audience sing Indonesia Raya. Until now, the inheritance flag is kept in the National Museum of Tugu Monument. After the ceremony took place, approximately 100 members of Barisan Pioneers led by S. Brata come in a hurry because they do not know where sudden changes of Ikada to Pegangsaan. They demanded Soekarno repeat reading of the Proclamation, but rejected. Finally Hatta give a brief mandate to them. On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) take decisions, validate and establish the Constitution (Constitution) as the foundation of the Republic of Indonesia, hereinafter known as the Constitution 45.
Thus the Government formed the Unitary Republic of Indonesia in the form of (Homeland) with sovereignty in the hands of the people who carried out entirely by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) which will be formed later. After that Sukarno and Hatta M. elected at the proposal of Oto Iskandardinata and approval of PPKI as President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia first. President and Vice President will be assisted by a National Committee.
the content of the proclamation
P R O C L A M A T I O N
We are a nation of Indonesia hereby declare the independence of Indonesia.
Things are about the transfer of power, etc.,
held thorough manner and within the shortest possible time.
Jakarta, days 17, months 8, years 45
On behalf of the Indonesian nation.
Soekarno / Hatta.
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